The National Institute of Economic Research "Costin C. Kiritescu" is part of the fundamental research structures of the Romanian Academy and is the continuator of the tradition of economic and social research in Romania, which has its roots for almost a century. INCE's current goals stem from the mission it undertook in the early tenth decade of the twentieth century.

The National Institute for the Study of Totalitarism is dedicated to the research and publication of studies and documents related to various forms of totalitarianism established during the twentieth century in Romania and internationally.

Since its establishment, the Institute's activity has resulted in a significant volume of research output, ranging from theoretical, academically oriented materials, to strategic studies, many times crucial for the economic decision making process in Romania. The main areas of interest for the Institute's researchers are: macroeconomic analysis and modeling, labor market policies and institutions, industrial policies, regional and local development, European economic integration and microeconomic analysis.

The Institute of Sociology of the Romanian Academy is a public institution of scientific research in the field of socio-human sciences with half a century of experience in the profile activity. The Institute of Sociology defined its program under five programmatic requirements that are representative for today's conception of the Romanian Academy, covering for the following periods: 1)The requirement to capitalize on the "forgotten work"; 2) Encyclopedic and restitutive requirement; 3) The requirement of monographic research on fundamental issues; 4)The requirement of research and interactive action; 5) "Open Institute" requirement

The "Emil Racovita" Institute of Speleology, the first one in the world dedicated to the research of caves, was founded in 1920 by the enterprising and well-known scientist Emil Racovita (1868-1947) who was a biologist, a polar explorer and a pioneer of the Biospeleology. In the next decades, to the extensive biospeleological research schedule initially conceived by Emil Racovita in order to get an accurate reconstitution of the subterranean realm, natural history, physical speleology and paleontology studies have been added. Nowadays, organized under the patronage of the Romanian Academy, the "Emil Racovita" Institute of Speleology comprises five departments involved in specific research trends and programmes: Biospeleology and Karst Edaphobiology; Geospeleology and Paleontology; Karstonomy, Karst Inventory and Protection; Hydrogeochemistry.