The Institute of Sociology of the Romanian Academy is a public institution of scientific research in the field of socio-human sciences with half a century of experience in the profile activity. The Institute of Sociology defined its program under five programmatic requirements that are representative for today's conception of the Romanian Academy, covering for the following periods: 1)The requirement to capitalize on the "forgotten work"; 2) Encyclopedic and restitutive requirement; 3) The requirement of monographic research on fundamental issues; 4)The requirement of research and interactive action; 5) "Open Institute" requirement

The "Emil Racovita" Institute of Speleology, the first one in the world dedicated to the research of caves, was founded in 1920 by the enterprising and well-known scientist Emil Racovita (1868-1947) who was a biologist, a polar explorer and a pioneer of the Biospeleology. In the next decades, to the extensive biospeleological research schedule initially conceived by Emil Racovita in order to get an accurate reconstitution of the subterranean realm, natural history, physical speleology and paleontology studies have been added. Nowadays, organized under the patronage of the Romanian Academy, the "Emil Racovita" Institute of Speleology comprises five departments involved in specific research trends and programmes: Biospeleology and Karst Edaphobiology; Geospeleology and Paleontology; Karstonomy, Karst Inventory and Protection; Hydrogeochemistry.

The Institute of Mathematical Statistics and Applied Mathematics “Gheorghe Mihoc-Caius Iacob” of the Romanian Academy (abbreviated ISMMA) is conducting fundamental scientific research in probability theory, mathematical statistics, operational research, optimization, partial differential equations, optimal control theory, dynamical systems, numerical analysis, fluid mechanics; mathematical modeling, analysis and control of models in life sciences and environment, engineering sciences, economics.

The Institute of South-Eastern European Studies of the Romanian Academy aims to study the languages ​​of the Carpathian and Balkan nations, as well as those in the immediate vicinity of our northern and eastern borders, to guide, assist and organize scientific research in the field of history, geography, ethnography. archeology, folklore, art and political economy.

The Institute of Political Science and International Relations "Ion IC Brătianu" (ISPRI) of the Romanian Academy was founded in January 1990 as the Institute of Social Theory and Political Science , with the main objective of developing scientific research in the field of social philosophy and political science.