The Astronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy is conducting research activities in the following domains: Astronomy, Astrophysics, Solar Physics, Celestial Mechanics, History of Astronomy. The Institute has three observatories located in Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca and Timişoara that include several scientific research facilities.

Currently under the patronage of the Romanian Academy, the Institute has been coordinating a wide spectrum of fundamental and applicative bio-medical, socio-cultural and paleoanthropological research. The Institute hosts one of the largest osteological collections in Europe.

The Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy (IBAR) was established in 1990 in order to develop and promote advanced research in biochemistry and molecular biology in Romania. IBAR hosts a state of the art research facility center in biomedical proteomics, operated by an interdisciplinary team of young researchers with backgrounds in biochemistry, chemistry, biophysics, biology, pharmacy. Within the framework of the School of Advanced Studies of the Romanian Academy (SCOSAAR) - IBAR carries also its own educational programs in molecular life sciences at PhD, Post Doc and continuing education levels in which the next generation scientists are trained by research based practical learning.

The Institute of Biology Bucharest of the Romanian Academy is the host of a wide panel of research topics in biology like the conservation and management of biodiversity, taxonomy and ecology, microbiology and plant and animal citobiology

The Institute is performing fundamental research in Numerical Analysis, Numerical Modeling, Approximation Theory, and other applied fields of Mathematics.